Gestion des erreurs

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Lorsqu'une erreur survient dans une procédure, tRPC renvoie au client un objet contenant une propriété "error". Cette propriété inclut toutes les informations nécessaires pour traiter l'erreur côté client.

Voici un exemple de réponse d'erreur causée par une entrée de requête invalide :

json
{
  "id": null,
  "error": {
    "message": "\"password\" must be at least 4 characters",
    "code": -32600,
    "data": {
      "code": "BAD_REQUEST",
      "httpStatus": 400,
      "stack": "...",
      "path": "user.changepassword"
    }
  }
}

json
{
  "id": null,
  "error": {
    "message": "\"password\" must be at least 4 characters",
    "code": -32600,
    "data": {
      "code": "BAD_REQUEST",
      "httpStatus": 400,
      "stack": "...",
      "path": "user.changepassword"
    }
  }
}

Note : la trace de la pile d'appels (stack trace) renvoyée n'est disponible qu'en environnement de développement.

Codes d'erreur

tRPC définit une liste de codes d'erreur représentant différents types d'erreurs, chacun associé à un code HTTP distinct.

Code	Description	HTTP code
BAD_REQUEST	The server cannot or will not process the request due to something that is perceived to be a client error.	400
UNAUTHORIZED	The client request has not been completed because it lacks valid authentication credentials for the requested resource.	401
PAYMENT_REQUIRED	The client request requires payment to access the requested resource.	402
FORBIDDEN	The server was unauthorized to access a required data source, such as a REST API.	403
NOT_FOUND	The server cannot find the requested resource.	404
METHOD_NOT_SUPPORTED	The server knows the request method, but the target resource doesn't support this method.	405
TIMEOUT	The server would like to shut down this unused connection.	408
CONFLICT	The server request resource conflict with the current state of the target resource.	409
PRECONDITION_FAILED	Access to the target resource has been denied.	412
PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE	Request entity is larger than limits defined by server.	413
UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE	The server refuses to accept the request because the payload format is in an unsupported format.	415
UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT	The server understands the request method, and the request entity is correct, but the server was unable to process it.	422
PRECONDITION_REQUIRED	The server cannot process the request because a required precondition header (such as If-Match) is missing. When a precondition header does not match the server-side state, the response should be 412 Precondition Failed.	428
TOO_MANY_REQUESTS	The rate limit has been exceeded or too many requests are being sent to the server.	429
CLIENT_CLOSED_REQUEST	Access to the resource has been denied.	499
INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR	An unspecified error occurred.	500
NOT_IMPLEMENTED	The server does not support the functionality required to fulfill the request.	501
BAD_GATEWAY	The server received an invalid response from the upstream server.	502
SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE	The server is not ready to handle the request.	503
GATEWAY_TIMEOUT	The server did not get a response in time from the upstream server that it needed in order to complete the request.	504

tRPC expose une fonction utilitaire, getHTTPStatusCodeFromError, pour extraire le code HTTP de l'erreur :

ts
import { getHTTPStatusCodeFromError } from '@trpc/server/http';
 
// Example error you might get if your input validation fails
const error: TRPCError = {
  name: 'TRPCError',
  code: 'BAD_REQUEST',
  message: '"password" must be at least 4 characters',
};
 
if (error instanceof TRPCError) {
  const httpCode = getHTTPStatusCodeFromError(error);
  console.log(httpCode); // 400
}

ts
import { getHTTPStatusCodeFromError } from '@trpc/server/http';
 
// Example error you might get if your input validation fails
const error: TRPCError = {
  name: 'TRPCError',
  code: 'BAD_REQUEST',
  message: '"password" must be at least 4 characters',
};
 
if (error instanceof TRPCError) {
  const httpCode = getHTTPStatusCodeFromError(error);
  console.log(httpCode); // 400
}

astuce

Un exemple complet d'utilisation dans un endpoint API Next.js est disponible dans la documentation Appels côté serveur.

Lever des erreurs

tRPC fournit une sous-classe d'erreur, TRPCError, que vous pouvez utiliser pour représenter une erreur survenue dans une procédure.

Par exemple, lever cette erreur :

server.ts
ts
import { initTRPC, TRPCError } from '@trpc/server';
const t = initTRPC.create();
const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: t.procedure.query(() => {
    throw new TRPCError({
      code: 'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR',
      message: 'An unexpected error occurred, please try again later.',
      // optional: pass the original error to retain stack trace
      cause: theError,
    });
  }),
});
// [...]

server.ts
ts
import { initTRPC, TRPCError } from '@trpc/server';
const t = initTRPC.create();
const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: t.procedure.query(() => {
    throw new TRPCError({
      code: 'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR',
      message: 'An unexpected error occurred, please try again later.',
      // optional: pass the original error to retain stack trace
      cause: theError,
    });
  }),
});
// [...]

Produit la réponse suivante :

json
{
  "id": null,
  "error": {
    "message": "An unexpected error occurred, please try again later.",
    "code": -32603,
    "data": {
      "code": "INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR",
      "httpStatus": 500,
      "stack": "...",
      "path": "hello"
    }
  }
}

json
{
  "id": null,
  "error": {
    "message": "An unexpected error occurred, please try again later.",
    "code": -32603,
    "data": {
      "code": "INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR",
      "httpStatus": 500,
      "stack": "...",
      "path": "hello"
    }
  }
}

Traitement des erreurs

Toutes les erreurs survenant dans une procédure passent par la méthode onError avant d'être envoyées au client. Vous pouvez y gérer les erreurs (pour les modifier, consultez formatage des erreurs).

pages/api/trpc/[trpc].ts
ts
export default trpcNext.createNextApiHandler({
  // ...
  onError(opts) {
    const { error, type, path, input, ctx, req } = opts;
    console.error('Error:', error);
    if (error.code === 'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR') {
      // send to bug reporting
    }
  },
});

pages/api/trpc/[trpc].ts
ts
export default trpcNext.createNextApiHandler({
  // ...
  onError(opts) {
    const { error, type, path, input, ctx, req } = opts;
    console.error('Error:', error);
    if (error.code === 'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR') {
      // send to bug reporting
    }
  },
});

Le paramètre onError est un objet contenant toutes les informations sur l'erreur et son contexte d'apparition :

ts
{
  error: TRPCError; // the original error
  type: 'query' | 'mutation' | 'subscription' | 'unknown';
  path: string | undefined; // path of the procedure that was triggered
  input: unknown;
  ctx: Context | undefined;
  req: BaseRequest; // request object
}

ts
{
  error: TRPCError; // the original error
  type: 'query' | 'mutation' | 'subscription' | 'unknown';
  path: string | undefined; // path of the procedure that was triggered
  input: unknown;
  ctx: Context | undefined;
  req: BaseRequest; // request object
}