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エラーハンドリング

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プロシージャ内でエラーが発生すると、tRPCはクライアントに「error」プロパティを含むオブジェクトを返します。このプロパティにはクライアント側でエラーを処理するために必要な情報が全て含まれています。

不正なリクエスト入力によって発生したエラーレスポンスの例を以下に示します:

json
{
"id": null,
"error": {
"message": "\"password\" must be at least 4 characters",
"code": -32600,
"data": {
"code": "BAD_REQUEST",
"httpStatus": 400,
"stack": "...",
"path": "user.changepassword"
}
}
}
json
{
"id": null,
"error": {
"message": "\"password\" must be at least 4 characters",
"code": -32600,
"data": {
"code": "BAD_REQUEST",
"httpStatus": 400,
"stack": "...",
"path": "user.changepassword"
}
}
}

: 返されるスタックトレースは開発環境でのみ利用可能です。

エラーコード

tRPCでは、異なる種類のエラーと対応するHTTPステータスコードを表すエラーコードのリストが定義されています。

CodeDescriptionHTTP code
BAD_REQUESTThe server cannot or will not process the request due to something that is perceived to be a client error.400
UNAUTHORIZEDThe client request has not been completed because it lacks valid authentication credentials for the requested resource.401
PAYMENT_REQUIREDThe client request requires payment to access the requested resource.402
FORBIDDENThe server was unauthorized to access a required data source, such as a REST API.403
NOT_FOUNDThe server cannot find the requested resource.404
METHOD_NOT_SUPPORTEDThe server knows the request method, but the target resource doesn't support this method.405
TIMEOUTThe server would like to shut down this unused connection.408
CONFLICTThe server request resource conflict with the current state of the target resource.409
PRECONDITION_FAILEDAccess to the target resource has been denied.412
PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGERequest entity is larger than limits defined by server.413
UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPEThe server refuses to accept the request because the payload format is in an unsupported format.415
UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENTThe server understands the request method, and the request entity is correct, but the server was unable to process it.422
PRECONDITION_REQUIREDThe server cannot process the request because a required precondition header (such as If-Match) is missing. When a precondition header does not match the server-side state, the response should be 412 Precondition Failed.428
TOO_MANY_REQUESTSThe rate limit has been exceeded or too many requests are being sent to the server.429
CLIENT_CLOSED_REQUESTAccess to the resource has been denied.499
INTERNAL_SERVER_ERRORAn unspecified error occurred.500
NOT_IMPLEMENTEDThe server does not support the functionality required to fulfill the request.501
BAD_GATEWAYThe server received an invalid response from the upstream server.502
SERVICE_UNAVAILABLEThe server is not ready to handle the request.503
GATEWAY_TIMEOUTThe server did not get a response in time from the upstream server that it needed in order to complete the request.504

tRPCはエラーからHTTPステータスコードを抽出するためのヘルパー関数getHTTPStatusCodeFromErrorを提供しています:

ts
import { getHTTPStatusCodeFromError } from '@trpc/server/http';
 
// Example error you might get if your input validation fails
const error: TRPCError = {
name: 'TRPCError',
code: 'BAD_REQUEST',
message: '"password" must be at least 4 characters',
};
 
if (error instanceof TRPCError) {
const httpCode = getHTTPStatusCodeFromError(error);
console.log(httpCode); // 400
}
ts
import { getHTTPStatusCodeFromError } from '@trpc/server/http';
 
// Example error you might get if your input validation fails
const error: TRPCError = {
name: 'TRPCError',
code: 'BAD_REQUEST',
message: '"password" must be at least 4 characters',
};
 
if (error instanceof TRPCError) {
const httpCode = getHTTPStatusCodeFromError(error);
console.log(httpCode); // 400
}
ヒント

この機能をNext.js APIエンドポイントで使用する完全な例は、サーバーサイド呼び出しのドキュメントで確認できます。

エラーのスロー

tRPCはプロシージャ内部で発生したエラーを表現するためのエラーサブクラスTRPCErrorを提供しています。

例えば、次のエラーをスローした場合:

server.ts
ts
import { initTRPC, TRPCError } from '@trpc/server';
const t = initTRPC.create();
const appRouter = t.router({
hello: t.procedure.query(() => {
throw new TRPCError({
code: 'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR',
message: 'An unexpected error occurred, please try again later.',
// optional: pass the original error to retain stack trace
cause: theError,
});
}),
});
// [...]
server.ts
ts
import { initTRPC, TRPCError } from '@trpc/server';
const t = initTRPC.create();
const appRouter = t.router({
hello: t.procedure.query(() => {
throw new TRPCError({
code: 'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR',
message: 'An unexpected error occurred, please try again later.',
// optional: pass the original error to retain stack trace
cause: theError,
});
}),
});
// [...]

以下のレスポンスが生成されます:

json
{
"id": null,
"error": {
"message": "An unexpected error occurred, please try again later.",
"code": -32603,
"data": {
"code": "INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR",
"httpStatus": 500,
"stack": "...",
"path": "hello"
}
}
}
json
{
"id": null,
"error": {
"message": "An unexpected error occurred, please try again later.",
"code": -32603,
"data": {
"code": "INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR",
"httpStatus": 500,
"stack": "...",
"path": "hello"
}
}
}

エラーの処理

プロシージャで発生したすべてのエラーは、クライアントに送信される前にonErrorメソッドを通過します。ここでエラーを処理できます(エラーの変更についてはエラーフォーマットを参照)。

pages/api/trpc/[trpc].ts
ts
export default trpcNext.createNextApiHandler({
// ...
onError(opts) {
const { error, type, path, input, ctx, req } = opts;
console.error('Error:', error);
if (error.code === 'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR') {
// send to bug reporting
}
},
});
pages/api/trpc/[trpc].ts
ts
export default trpcNext.createNextApiHandler({
// ...
onError(opts) {
const { error, type, path, input, ctx, req } = opts;
console.error('Error:', error);
if (error.code === 'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR') {
// send to bug reporting
}
},
});

onErrorパラメータは、エラーとその発生コンテキストに関するすべての情報を含むオブジェクトです:

ts
{
error: TRPCError; // the original error
type: 'query' | 'mutation' | 'subscription' | 'unknown';
path: string | undefined; // path of the procedure that was triggered
input: unknown;
ctx: Context | undefined;
req: BaseRequest; // request object
}
ts
{
error: TRPCError; // the original error
type: 'query' | 'mutation' | 'subscription' | 'unknown';
path: string | undefined; // path of the procedure that was triggered
input: unknown;
ctx: Context | undefined;
req: BaseRequest; // request object
}