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定义过程

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过程（Procedure）是暴露给客户端的函数，它可以是以下类型之一：

  • Query（查询）- 用于获取数据，通常不会更改任何数据

  • Mutation（变更）- 用于发送数据，常用于创建/更新/删除操作

  • Subscription（订阅）- 你可能不需要这个功能，我们有专门的文档

tRPC 中的过程是创建后端函数的灵活原语。它们采用不可变的构建器模式，这意味着您可以创建可重用的基础过程，在多个过程间共享功能。

编写过程​

在 tRPC 初始化时创建的 t 对象会返回初始的 t.procedure，所有其他过程都基于此构建：

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { z } from 'zod';
 
const t = initTRPC.context<{ signGuestBook: () => Promise<void> }>().create();
 
export const router = t.router;
export const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
const appRouter = router({
  // Queries are the best place to fetch data
  hello: publicProcedure.query(() => {
    return {
      message: 'hello world',
    };
  }),
 
  // Mutations are the best place to do things like updating a database
  goodbye: publicProcedure.mutation(async (opts) => {
    await opts.ctx.signGuestBook();
 
    return {
      message: 'goodbye!',
    };
  }),
});
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { z } from 'zod';
 
const t = initTRPC.context<{ signGuestBook: () => Promise<void> }>().create();
 
export const router = t.router;
export const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
const appRouter = router({
  // Queries are the best place to fetch data
  hello: publicProcedure.query(() => {
    return {
      message: 'hello world',
    };
  }),
 
  // Mutations are the best place to do things like updating a database
  goodbye: publicProcedure.mutation(async (opts) => {
    await opts.ctx.signGuestBook();
 
    return {
      message: 'goodbye!',
    };
  }),
});

可重用的"基础过程"​

作为通用模式，我们建议将 t.procedure 重命名并导出为 publicProcedure，这样您就可以为特定用例创建其他命名过程并同样导出。这种模式称为"基础过程"，是 tRPC 中实现代码和行为复用的关键模式；每个应用都可能需要它。

在下面的代码中，我们使用可复用的基础过程构建应用的常见用例：为已登录用户创建基础过程（authedProcedure），以及另一个接受 organizationId 并验证用户是否属于该组织的基础过程。

这是简化示例；实际应用中你可能需要组合使用 Headers、Context、Middleware 和 Metadata 来验证和授权用户。

ts
import { initTRPC, TRPCError } from '@trpc/server';
import { z } from 'zod';
 
type Organization = {
  id: string;
  name: string;
};
type Membership = {
  role: 'ADMIN' | 'MEMBER';
  Organization: Organization;
};
type User = {
  id: string;
  memberships: Membership[];
};
type Context = {
  /**
   * User is nullable
   */
  user: User | null;
};
 
const t = initTRPC.context<Context>().create();
 
export const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
// procedure that asserts that the user is logged in
export const authedProcedure = t.procedure.use(async function isAuthed(opts) {
  const { ctx } = opts;
  // `ctx.user` is nullable
  if (!ctx.user) {
            
(property) user: User | null
    throw new TRPCError({ code: 'UNAUTHORIZED' });
  }
 
  return opts.next({
    ctx: {
      // ✅ user value is known to be non-null now
      user: ctx.user,
    },
  });
});
 
// procedure that a user is a member of a specific organization
export const organizationProcedure = authedProcedure
  .input(z.object({ organizationId: z.string() }))
  .use(function isMemberOfOrganization(opts) {
    const membership = opts.ctx.user.memberships.find(
      (m) => m.Organization.id === opts.input.organizationId,
    );
    if (!membership) {
      throw new TRPCError({
        code: 'FORBIDDEN',
      });
    }
    return opts.next({
      ctx: {
        Organization: membership.Organization,
      },
    });
  });
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  whoami: authedProcedure.query(async (opts) => {
    // user is non-nullable here
    const { ctx } = opts;
            
const ctx: {
    user: User;
}
    return ctx.user;
  }),
  addMember: organizationProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        email: z.string().email(),
      }),
    )
    .mutation((opts) => {
      // ctx contains the non-nullable user & the organization being queried
      const { ctx } = opts;
              
const ctx: {
    user: User;
    Organization: Organization;
}
 
      // input includes the validated email of the user being invited & the validated organizationId
      const { input } = opts;
               
const input: {
    organizationId: string;
    email: string;
}
 
      return '...';
    }),
});
ts
import { initTRPC, TRPCError } from '@trpc/server';
import { z } from 'zod';
 
type Organization = {
  id: string;
  name: string;
};
type Membership = {
  role: 'ADMIN' | 'MEMBER';
  Organization: Organization;
};
type User = {
  id: string;
  memberships: Membership[];
};
type Context = {
  /**
   * User is nullable
   */
  user: User | null;
};
 
const t = initTRPC.context<Context>().create();
 
export const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
// procedure that asserts that the user is logged in
export const authedProcedure = t.procedure.use(async function isAuthed(opts) {
  const { ctx } = opts;
  // `ctx.user` is nullable
  if (!ctx.user) {
            
(property) user: User | null
    throw new TRPCError({ code: 'UNAUTHORIZED' });
  }
 
  return opts.next({
    ctx: {
      // ✅ user value is known to be non-null now
      user: ctx.user,
    },
  });
});
 
// procedure that a user is a member of a specific organization
export const organizationProcedure = authedProcedure
  .input(z.object({ organizationId: z.string() }))
  .use(function isMemberOfOrganization(opts) {
    const membership = opts.ctx.user.memberships.find(
      (m) => m.Organization.id === opts.input.organizationId,
    );
    if (!membership) {
      throw new TRPCError({
        code: 'FORBIDDEN',
      });
    }
    return opts.next({
      ctx: {
        Organization: membership.Organization,
      },
    });
  });
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  whoami: authedProcedure.query(async (opts) => {
    // user is non-nullable here
    const { ctx } = opts;
            
const ctx: {
    user: User;
}
    return ctx.user;
  }),
  addMember: organizationProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        email: z.string().email(),
      }),
    )
    .mutation((opts) => {
      // ctx contains the non-nullable user & the organization being queried
      const { ctx } = opts;
              
const ctx: {
    user: User;
    Organization: Organization;
}
 
      // input includes the validated email of the user being invited & the validated organizationId
      const { input } = opts;
               
const input: {
    organizationId: string;
    email: string;
}
 
      return '...';
    }),
});

推断"基础过程"的选项类型​

除了能够推断过程的输入输出类型，你还可以使用 inferProcedureBuilderResolverOptions 推断特定过程构建器（或基础过程）的选项类型。

这个类型助手适用于声明函数参数类型。例如：将过程处理程序（主执行代码）与路由定义分离，或创建适用于多个过程的辅助函数。

ts
async function getMembersOfOrganization(
  opts: inferProcedureBuilderResolverOptions<typeof organizationProcedure>,
) {
  // input and ctx are now correctly typed!
  const { ctx, input } = opts;
 
  return await prisma.user.findMany({
    where: {
      membership: {
        organizationId: ctx.Organization.id,
      },
    },
  });
}
export const appRouter = t.router({
  listMembers: organizationProcedure.query(async (opts) => {
    // use helper function!
    const members = await getMembersOfOrganization(opts);
 
    return members;
  }),
});
ts
async function getMembersOfOrganization(
  opts: inferProcedureBuilderResolverOptions<typeof organizationProcedure>,
) {
  // input and ctx are now correctly typed!
  const { ctx, input } = opts;
 
  return await prisma.user.findMany({
    where: {
      membership: {
        organizationId: ctx.Organization.id,
      },
    },
  });
}
export const appRouter = t.router({
  listMembers: organizationProcedure.query(async (opts) => {
    // use helper function!
    const members = await getMembersOfOrganization(opts);
 
    return members;
  }),
});

订阅​

关于订阅的信息，请参阅我们的订阅指南。