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输入输出验证器

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tRPC 过程可为其输入和/或输出定义验证逻辑，验证器还用于推断输入输出类型（若支持则采用 Standard Schema 接口，否则使用适配验证器的自定义接口）。我们为多款流行验证器提供一等支持，也可集成其他验证器。

输入验证器​

通过定义输入验证器，tRPC 可检查过程调用是否正确，并在出现错误时返回验证失败信息。

使用 procedure.input() 方法设置输入验证器：

ts
// Our examples use Zod by default, but usage with other libraries is identical
import { z } from 'zod';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        name: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query((opts) => {
      const name = opts.input.name;
             
const name: string
      return {
        greeting: `Hello ${opts.input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
ts
// Our examples use Zod by default, but usage with other libraries is identical
import { z } from 'zod';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        name: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query((opts) => {
      const name = opts.input.name;
             
const name: string
      return {
        greeting: `Hello ${opts.input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});

输入合并​

.input() 可堆叠使用以构建更复杂的类型，这在需要为中间件中的过程集合复用公共输入时特别有用。

ts
const baseProcedure = t.procedure
  .input(z.object({ townName: z.string() }))
  .use((opts) => {
    const input = opts.input;
           
const input: {
    townName: string;
}
 
    console.log(`Handling request with user from: ${input.townName}`);
 
    return opts.next();
  });
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: baseProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        name: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query((opts) => {
      const input = opts.input;
             
const input: {
    townName: string;
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `Hello ${input.name}, my friend from ${input.townName}`,
      };
    }),
});
ts
const baseProcedure = t.procedure
  .input(z.object({ townName: z.string() }))
  .use((opts) => {
    const input = opts.input;
           
const input: {
    townName: string;
}
 
    console.log(`Handling request with user from: ${input.townName}`);
 
    return opts.next();
  });
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: baseProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        name: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query((opts) => {
      const input = opts.input;
             
const input: {
    townName: string;
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `Hello ${input.name}, my friend from ${input.townName}`,
      };
    }),
});

输出验证器​

由于 tRPC 通过推断过程返回类型自动提供类型安全，输出验证通常不如输入验证重要。定义输出验证器的典型场景包括：

  • 验证来自不可信源的数据是否正确

  • 确保不会向客户端返回多余数据

信息

若输出验证失败，服务器将返回 INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR 错误。

ts
import { z } from 'zod';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .output(
      z.object({
        greeting: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query((opts) => {
      return {
        gre,
           
  • greeting
      };
    }),
});
ts
import { z } from 'zod';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .output(
      z.object({
        greeting: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query((opts) => {
      return {
        gre,
           
  • greeting
      };
    }),
});

订阅的输出验证​

由于订阅是异步迭代器，可采用与前述相同的验证技术。

详见订阅指南获取更多信息。

最基础的验证器：函数​

您无需任何第三方依赖，仅用函数即可定义验证器。

信息

除非有特殊需求，否则我们不建议创建自定义验证器。但需要理解的是：这里没有魔法——仅仅是 TypeScript！

多数情况下建议使用验证库。

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input((value): string => {
      if (typeof value === 'string') {
        return value;
      }
      throw new Error('Input is not a string');
    })
    .output((value): string => {
      if (typeof value === 'string') {
        return value;
      }
      throw new Error('Output is not a string');
    })
    .query((opts) => {
      const { input } = opts;
               
const input: string
      return `hello ${input}`;
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input((value): string => {
      if (typeof value === 'string') {
        return value;
      }
      throw new Error('Input is not a string');
    })
    .output((value): string => {
      if (typeof value === 'string') {
        return value;
      }
      throw new Error('Output is not a string');
    })
    .query((opts) => {
      const { input } = opts;
               
const input: string
      return `hello ${input}`;
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

库集成方案​

tRPC 开箱即支持多款主流验证解析库，包括所有符合 Standard Schema 的库。以下是我们官方维护的部分验证器使用示例：

使用 Zod​

Zod 是我们的默认推荐方案，其强大的生态体系使其成为代码库多模块复用的理想选择。若无特殊偏好且需要满足未来扩展的强力库，Zod 是绝佳选择。

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { z } from 'zod';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        name: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .output(
      z.object({
        greeting: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { z } from 'zod';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      z.object({
        name: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .output(
      z.object({
        greeting: z.string(),
      }),
    )
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 Yup​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as yup from 'yup';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      yup.object({
        name: yup.string().required(),
      }),
    )
    .output(
      yup.object({
        greeting: yup.string().required(),
      }),
    )
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as yup from 'yup';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      yup.object({
        name: yup.string().required(),
      }),
    )
    .output(
      yup.object({
        greeting: yup.string().required(),
      }),
    )
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 Superstruct​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { object, string } from 'superstruct';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(object({ name: string() }))
    .output(object({ greeting: string() }))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { object, string } from 'superstruct';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(object({ name: string() }))
    .output(object({ greeting: string() }))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 scale-ts​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as $ from 'scale-codec';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input($.object($.field('name', $.str)))
    .output($.object($.field('greeting', $.str)))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    readonly name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as $ from 'scale-codec';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input($.object($.field('name', $.str)))
    .output($.object($.field('greeting', $.str)))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    readonly name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 Typia​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import typia from 'typia';
import { v4 } from 'uuid';
import { IBbsArticle } from '../structures/IBbsArticle';
const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
export const appRouter = t.router({
  store: publicProcedure
    .input(typia.createAssert<IBbsArticle.IStore>())
    .output(typia.createAssert<IBbsArticle>())
    .query(({ input }) => {
      return {
        id: v4(),
        writer: input.writer,
        title: input.title,
        body: input.body,
        created_at: new Date().toString(),
      };
    }),
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import typia from 'typia';
import { v4 } from 'uuid';
import { IBbsArticle } from '../structures/IBbsArticle';
const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
export const appRouter = t.router({
  store: publicProcedure
    .input(typia.createAssert<IBbsArticle.IStore>())
    .output(typia.createAssert<IBbsArticle>())
    .query(({ input }) => {
      return {
        id: v4(),
        writer: input.writer,
        title: input.title,
        body: input.body,
        created_at: new Date().toString(),
      };
    }),
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 ArkType​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { type } from 'arktype';
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure.input(type({ name: 'string' })).query((opts) => {
    return {
      greeting: `hello ${opts.input.name}`,
    };
  }),
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { type } from 'arktype';
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure.input(type({ name: 'string' })).query((opts) => {
    return {
      greeting: `hello ${opts.input.name}`,
    };
  }),
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 effect​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { Schema } from 'effect';
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(Schema.standardSchemaV1(Schema.Struct({ name: Schema.String })))
    .output(Schema.standardSchemaV1(Schema.Struct({ greeting: Schema.String })))
    .query(({ input }) => {
      //      ^?
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { Schema } from 'effect';
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(Schema.standardSchemaV1(Schema.Struct({ name: Schema.String })))
    .output(Schema.standardSchemaV1(Schema.Struct({ greeting: Schema.String })))
    .query(({ input }) => {
      //      ^?
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 Valibot​

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as v from 'valibot';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(v.object({ name: v.string() }))
    .output(v.object({ greeting: v.string() }))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import * as v from 'valibot';
 
export const t = initTRPC.create();
 
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(v.object({ name: v.string() }))
    .output(v.object({ greeting: v.string() }))
    .query(({ input }) => {
               
(parameter) input: {
    name: string;
}
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
 
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 @robolex/sure​

您可按需定义自定义错误类型及错误抛出函数。为简化操作，@robolex/sure 提供了 sure/src/err.ts：

ts
// sure/src/err.ts
export const err = (schema) => (input) => {
  const [good, result] = schema(input);
  if (good) return result;
  throw result;
};
ts
// sure/src/err.ts
export const err = (schema) => (input) => {
  const [good, result] = schema(input);
  if (good) return result;
  throw result;
};
ts
import { err, object, string } from '@robolex/sure';
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      err(
        object({
          name: string,
        }),
      ),
    )
    .output(
      err(
        object({
          greeting: string,
        }),
      ),
    )
    .query(({ input }) => {
      //      ^?
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { err, object, string } from '@robolex/sure';
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(
      err(
        object({
          name: string,
        }),
      ),
    )
    .output(
      err(
        object({
          greeting: string,
        }),
      ),
    )
    .query(({ input }) => {
      //      ^?
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

使用 TypeBox​

ts
import { Type } from '@sinclair/typebox';
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { wrap } from '@typeschema/typebox';
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(wrap(Type.Object({ name: Type.String() })))
    .output(wrap(Type.Object({ greeting: Type.String() })))
    .query(({ input }) => {
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;
ts
import { Type } from '@sinclair/typebox';
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import { wrap } from '@typeschema/typebox';
export const t = initTRPC.create();
const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
export const appRouter = t.router({
  hello: publicProcedure
    .input(wrap(Type.Object({ name: Type.String() })))
    .output(wrap(Type.Object({ greeting: Type.String() })))
    .query(({ input }) => {
      return {
        greeting: `hello ${input.name}`,
      };
    }),
});
export type AppRouter = typeof appRouter;

贡献自定义验证库​

若您维护支持 tRPC 的验证库，欢迎提交 PR 补充本页面的等效用法示例并附上文档链接。

多数情况下集成验证器只需满足现有类型接口之一。建议优先实现 Standard Schema，特殊情况下我们也会接受新增接口的 PR。欢迎提交 issue 讨论。具体支持的解析/验证接口和函数可查阅源码。