版本：10.x

上下文

非官方测试版翻译

本页面由 PageTurner AI 翻译（测试版）。未经项目官方认可。发现错误？报告问题 →

上下文（context）保存着所有 tRPC 过程（procedures）都能访问的数据，是存放数据库连接或身份验证信息等内容的理想位置。

设置上下文分为两个步骤：在初始化阶段定义类型，然后为每个请求创建运行时上下文。

定义上下文类型

使用 initTRPC 初始化 tRPC 时，应在调用 .create() 之前通过管道操作将 .context<TContext>() 连接到 initTRPC 构建器函数。类型 TContext 既可从函数返回类型推断，也可显式定义。

这将确保你的上下文在过程和中间件中具有正确的类型提示。

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import type { CreateNextContextOptions } from '@trpc/server/adapters/next';
import { getSession } from 'next-auth/react';
 
export const createContext = async (opts: CreateNextContextOptions) => {
  const session = await getSession({ req: opts.req });
 
  return {
    session,
  };
};
 
const t1 = initTRPC.context<typeof createContext>().create();
t1.procedure.use(({ ctx }) => { ... });
                    (parameter) ctx: {
    session: Session | null;
}
 
type Context = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof createContext>>;
const t2 = initTRPC.context<Context>().create();
t2.procedure.use(({ ctx }) => { ... });
                    (parameter) ctx: {
    session: Session | null;
}

ts
import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
import type { CreateNextContextOptions } from '@trpc/server/adapters/next';
import { getSession } from 'next-auth/react';
 
export const createContext = async (opts: CreateNextContextOptions) => {
  const session = await getSession({ req: opts.req });
 
  return {
    session,
  };
};
 
const t1 = initTRPC.context<typeof createContext>().create();
t1.procedure.use(({ ctx }) => { ... });
                    (parameter) ctx: {
    session: Session | null;
}
 
type Context = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof createContext>>;
const t2 = initTRPC.context<Context>().create();
t2.procedure.use(({ ctx }) => { ... });
                    (parameter) ctx: {
    session: Session | null;
}

创建上下文

必须将 createContext() 函数传递给挂载 appRouter 的处理程序（handler），调用方式包括 HTTP 请求、服务端调用或我们的服务端辅助工具。

每次 tRPC 调用都会触发 createContext()，因此批量请求将共享同一个上下文。

ts
// 1. HTTP request
import { createHTTPHandler } from '@trpc/server/adapters/standalone';
import { createContext } from './context';
import { createCaller } from './router';
const handler = createHTTPHandler({
  router: appRouter,
  createContext,
});

ts
// 1. HTTP request
import { createHTTPHandler } from '@trpc/server/adapters/standalone';
import { createContext } from './context';
import { createCaller } from './router';
const handler = createHTTPHandler({
  router: appRouter,
  createContext,
});

ts
// 2. Server-side call
import { createContext } from './context';
import { createCaller } from './router';
const caller = createCaller(await createContext());

ts
// 2. Server-side call
import { createContext } from './context';
import { createCaller } from './router';
const caller = createCaller(await createContext());

ts
// 3. servers-side helpers
import { createServerSideHelpers } from '@trpc/react-query/server';
import { createContext } from './context';
import { appRouter } from './router';
const helpers = createServerSideHelpers({
  router: appRouter,
  ctx: await createContext(),
});

ts
// 3. servers-side helpers
import { createServerSideHelpers } from '@trpc/react-query/server';
import { createContext } from './context';
import { appRouter } from './router';
const helpers = createServerSideHelpers({
  router: appRouter,
  ctx: await createContext(),
});

示例代码

tsx
// -------------------------------------------------
// @filename: context.ts
// -------------------------------------------------
import type { CreateNextContextOptions } from '@trpc/server/adapters/next';
import { getSession } from 'next-auth/react';
 
/**
 * Creates context for an incoming request
 * @see https://trpc.io/docs/context
 */
export async function createContext(opts: CreateNextContextOptions) {
  const session = await getSession({ req: opts.req });
 
  return {
    session,
  };
}
 
export type Context = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof createContext>>;
 
// -------------------------------------------------
// @filename: trpc.ts
// -------------------------------------------------
import { initTRPC, TRPCError } from '@trpc/server';
import { Context } from './context';
 
const t = initTRPC.context<Context>().create();
 
 
export const router = t.router;
 
/**
 * Unprotected procedure
 */
export const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
/**
 * Protected procedure
 */
export const protectedProcedure = t.procedure.use(function isAuthed(opts) {
  if (!opts.ctx.session?.user?.email) {
    throw new TRPCError({
      code: 'UNAUTHORIZED',
    });
  }
  return opts.next({
    ctx: {
      // Infers the `session` as non-nullable
      session: opts.ctx.session,
    },
  });
});

tsx
// -------------------------------------------------
// @filename: context.ts
// -------------------------------------------------
import type { CreateNextContextOptions } from '@trpc/server/adapters/next';
import { getSession } from 'next-auth/react';
 
/**
 * Creates context for an incoming request
 * @see https://trpc.io/docs/context
 */
export async function createContext(opts: CreateNextContextOptions) {
  const session = await getSession({ req: opts.req });
 
  return {
    session,
  };
}
 
export type Context = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof createContext>>;
 
// -------------------------------------------------
// @filename: trpc.ts
// -------------------------------------------------
import { initTRPC, TRPCError } from '@trpc/server';
import { Context } from './context';
 
const t = initTRPC.context<Context>().create();
 
 
export const router = t.router;
 
/**
 * Unprotected procedure
 */
export const publicProcedure = t.procedure;
 
/**
 * Protected procedure
 */
export const protectedProcedure = t.procedure.use(function isAuthed(opts) {
  if (!opts.ctx.session?.user?.email) {
    throw new TRPCError({
      code: 'UNAUTHORIZED',
    });
  }
  return opts.next({
    ctx: {
      // Infers the `session` as non-nullable
      session: opts.ctx.session,
    },
  });
});

内部上下文与外部上下文

在某些场景下，将上下文拆分为"内部"和"外部"函数会更合理。

内部上下文用于定义与请求无关的数据（如数据库连接）。该函数适用于集成测试或服务端辅助工具等无请求对象的场景，此处定义的内容始终可在所有过程中访问。

外部上下文用于定义依赖请求的数据（如用户会话），此处定义的内容仅适用于通过 HTTP 调用的过程。

内部与外部上下文示例

ts
import type { CreateNextContextOptions } from '@trpc/server/adapters/next';
import { getSessionFromCookie, type Session } from './auth';
/**
 * Defines your inner context shape.
 * Add fields here that the inner context brings.
 */
interface CreateInnerContextOptions extends Partial<CreateNextContextOptions> {
  session: Session | null;
}
/**
 * Inner context. Will always be available in your procedures, in contrast to the outer context.
 *
 * Also useful for:
 * - testing, so you don't have to mock Next.js' `req`/`res`
 * - tRPC's `createServerSideHelpers` where we don't have `req`/`res`
 *
 * @see https://trpc.io/docs/context#inner-and-outer-context
 */
export async function createContextInner(opts?: CreateInnerContextOptions) {
  return {
    prisma,
    session: opts.session,
  };
}
/**
 * Outer context. Used in the routers and will e.g. bring `req` & `res` to the context as "not `undefined`".
 *
 * @see https://trpc.io/docs/context#inner-and-outer-context
 */
export async function createContext(opts: CreateNextContextOptions) {
  const session = getSessionFromCookie(opts.req);
  const contextInner = await createContextInner({ session });
  return {
    ...contextInner,
    req: opts.req,
    res: opts.res,
  };
}
export type Context = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof createContextInner>>;
// The usage in your router is the same as the example above.

ts
import type { CreateNextContextOptions } from '@trpc/server/adapters/next';
import { getSessionFromCookie, type Session } from './auth';
/**
 * Defines your inner context shape.
 * Add fields here that the inner context brings.
 */
interface CreateInnerContextOptions extends Partial<CreateNextContextOptions> {
  session: Session | null;
}
/**
 * Inner context. Will always be available in your procedures, in contrast to the outer context.
 *
 * Also useful for:
 * - testing, so you don't have to mock Next.js' `req`/`res`
 * - tRPC's `createServerSideHelpers` where we don't have `req`/`res`
 *
 * @see https://trpc.io/docs/context#inner-and-outer-context
 */
export async function createContextInner(opts?: CreateInnerContextOptions) {
  return {
    prisma,
    session: opts.session,
  };
}
/**
 * Outer context. Used in the routers and will e.g. bring `req` & `res` to the context as "not `undefined`".
 *
 * @see https://trpc.io/docs/context#inner-and-outer-context
 */
export async function createContext(opts: CreateNextContextOptions) {
  const session = getSessionFromCookie(opts.req);
  const contextInner = await createContextInner({ session });
  return {
    ...contextInner,
    req: opts.req,
    res: opts.res,
  };
}
export type Context = Awaited<ReturnType<typeof createContextInner>>;
// The usage in your router is the same as the example above.

必须从内部上下文推断你的 Context 类型，因为只有此处定义的内容才是始终可用的。

如果不想在过程中反复检查 req 或 res 是否为 undefined，可以创建小型可复用过程来实现：

ts
export const apiProcedure = publicProcedure.use((opts) => {
  if (!opts.ctx.req || !opts.ctx.res) {
    throw new Error('You are missing `req` or `res` in your call.');
  }
  return opts.next({
    ctx: {
      // We overwrite the context with the truthy `req` & `res`, which will also overwrite the types used in your procedure.
      req: opts.ctx.req,
      res: opts.ctx.res,
    },
  });
});

ts
export const apiProcedure = publicProcedure.use((opts) => {
  if (!opts.ctx.req || !opts.ctx.res) {
    throw new Error('You are missing `req` or `res` in your call.');
  }
  return opts.next({
    ctx: {
      // We overwrite the context with the truthy `req` & `res`, which will also overwrite the types used in your procedure.
      req: opts.ctx.req,
      res: opts.ctx.res,
    },
  });
});

定义上下文类型​

创建上下文​

示例代码​

内部上下文与外部上下文​

内部与外部上下文示例​

定义上下文类型

创建上下文

示例代码

内部上下文与外部上下文

内部与外部上下文示例